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語(yǔ)法揭秘 | 高中英語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)的省略

復(fù)合句中的省略

a) 復(fù)合句中從句的句尾和主句相重復(fù)時(shí)從句的句尾部分可省掉

Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won't (sweep the floor).

b) 含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句

W's English

①定語(yǔ)從句中可以省略作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞；非正式文體中，也可省略關(guān)系副詞when或why.

I shall never forget the day (when) I entered TV University.

I like the film for the very reason (why) you dislike it.

②關(guān)系代詞as后面的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)也可省略

He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.

c) 含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句

①在兩個(gè)并列的that從句如主動(dòng)詞及其賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等都一樣時(shí)可將第二個(gè)that從句的主動(dòng)詞及隨帶成份省略。

I guess Lisa will dance in the party but Jane won't (dance in the party).

W's English

②在兩個(gè)并列的that從句如主語(yǔ)相同，而謂語(yǔ)不同，可把第二個(gè)that從句的連詞和主語(yǔ)一起省略。

Tell Peter that I'll call to see him and (that I 'll ) have talk with him.

③在兩個(gè)并列從句如連詞不同而其它成份相同時(shí)，可省略第一分句和第二分句相同的部分，只把兩個(gè)連詞連接起來(lái)。

Her parents don't know when (she was born) and where she was born.

④在以某些形容詞或過(guò)去分詞，如：sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied的詞所引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，連詞that可省略。

We aren't sure which the best is.

I was very pleased my friend had passed the exam.

⑤在以which, when, where, how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，其謂語(yǔ)與主句謂語(yǔ)相同時(shí)省略全部謂語(yǔ)，有時(shí)甚至主語(yǔ)也可省略，只保留一個(gè)w h～的詞。

He can't go to school, but I don't know why (he can't go to school).

W's English

d) 含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句

狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略原則是，如主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，或主語(yǔ)是it，可省略從句的連接詞、主語(yǔ)和be助動(dòng)詞，只保留分詞和其它成分，從而使語(yǔ)言更加簡(jiǎn)潔明了。

①京戲時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

I favor English when (I was) a pupil.

②地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

The river is clean where (it is) deep.

③讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

Although (she was) the youngest of the group, she won all the prizes.

④方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

The baby closed his eyes as if ( he were ) to sleep.

⑤條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

She won't come unless (she is) invited.

W's English

⑥原因狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

(If we were) Given more attention, the plants could have grown better.

⑦比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

You can play the game just as wonderfully as I (do).

在以than和as引導(dǎo)的比較結(jié)構(gòu)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，省略某些與主句相同的成分或在特定上下文中有某些不言而喻的成分，可省掉整個(gè)as/than從句。

The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper (than those in this shop), but (they are) not as good (as those in this shop).

⑧狀語(yǔ)從句中并列結(jié)構(gòu)的省略

在復(fù)合句中，如兩個(gè)并列的狀語(yǔ)從句只是從屬連詞不同，其它相同時(shí)，則可省略一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，而把兩個(gè)從屬連詞連接起來(lái)。

They will be arriving either before (the film begins) or after the film begins.

虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中if的省略

與If引導(dǎo)的條件從句中含有were, had時(shí)，可將if省略，并用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

Were I you, I wouldn't go with him.