【英語(yǔ)寫作】英語(yǔ)寫作提升的永遠(yuǎn)離不開(kāi)：閱讀與模仿。（關(guān)注本站，持續(xù)更新基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)考研資料,不定時(shí)發(fā)放英語(yǔ)大禮包）

英文寫作是一個(gè)創(chuàng)造和發(fā)現(xiàn)的過(guò)程，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，它主要包含兩個(gè)方面的能力：語(yǔ)言能力以及邏輯思維能力。

其中，邏輯思維能力與每個(gè)人的人生經(jīng)歷、知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備以及思維模式息息相關(guān)，這是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的發(fā)展過(guò)程。

相比邏輯思維能力，語(yǔ)言能力有著更為清晰的提升路徑。語(yǔ)言能力提升的重點(diǎn)在于提升對(duì)詞匯以及句子的運(yùn)用能力。

詞匯運(yùn)用能力并不等同于詞匯量，詞匯運(yùn)用能力的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)詞匯使用語(yǔ)境的精確理解。句子結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用能力也并不等同于語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，它的關(guān)鍵在于靈活應(yīng)用各種句型準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)自己的思想。

怎樣培養(yǎng)詞匯運(yùn)用能力以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用能力呢？對(duì)優(yōu)秀句子和篇章進(jìn)行模仿練習(xí)是一個(gè)很好的方法。

語(yǔ)言能力的提升并不是靠學(xué)習(xí)理論知識(shí)，而是大量的練習(xí)和模仿。回顧古今中外作家的寫作經(jīng)歷，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類寫作歷程堪稱一部模仿史。無(wú)論是英語(yǔ)寫作，還是漢語(yǔ)習(xí)作，一開(kāi)始都離不開(kāi)大量的閱讀與模仿。通過(guò)對(duì)經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)文章的模仿，我們能夠?qū)W習(xí)怎樣寫出靈活地道的句子，更好地理解段落的層次性和邏輯性。

具體來(lái)講，我們可以從句子和段落兩個(gè)層次入手進(jìn)行模仿訓(xùn)練。

對(duì)句子的模仿

句子是組成篇章的基本單位，只有先寫好句子，才有可能寫好文章。通過(guò)大量模仿經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)的句式和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們能夠?qū)⑵鋬?nèi)化，并在寫作時(shí)做到融會(huì)貫通。句型模仿訓(xùn)練的前提是尋找優(yōu)秀的材料，并提取出相應(yīng)的句型進(jìn)行大量的訓(xùn)練。通過(guò)大量的模仿將這些優(yōu)秀的句型變成我們表達(dá)的一部分。

目前對(duì)于句子模仿從易到難主要有兩個(gè)方式：替換單詞，提取句式

替換單詞

將一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行單詞替換是最常見(jiàn)同時(shí)也是最簡(jiǎn)單的方法。舉個(gè)例子，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中有這樣一個(gè)句子：

The hundred years since the Battle of Waterloo had not been entirely free of disaster—there had been a horrific civil war in America, some regional scraps in Asia, the Franco-Prussian war and the occasional colonial calamity. But continental peace had prevailed. Globalisation and new technology—the telephone, the steamship, the train—had knitted the world together. 

加粗的句子用在全球化相關(guān)話題里面不錯(cuò)吧？不過(guò)現(xiàn)在是21世紀(jì)了，可以將句子相應(yīng)改一下：

The world is changing at a rapid pace. Globalisation and new technology—the internet, the airplane, the high-speed train—have knitted the world together.

又比如新概念英語(yǔ)4里面出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)句子：

As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.

我們可以將其中的 knowledge 替換為那些具有兩面性的事物，比如 nuclear technology / gene engineering / international trade 等：

As is so often pointed out, nuclear technology / gene engineering / international trade is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.

提取句式

提取句式是在單詞替換的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來(lái)，它的難度更高，但訓(xùn)練效果也會(huì)更好。在做此類練習(xí)時(shí)，我們要先對(duì)一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行分析，從中提取出一個(gè)“通用模板”，然后根據(jù)這個(gè)模板進(jìn)行造句練習(xí)。舉個(gè)例子，有這樣一個(gè)句子：

It is a disturbing omen for the Chinese economy. For all the talk of reform, many government officials still want to paper over bad loans. With credit going to keep moribund companies alive, China’s debt levels have soared even as growth has slowed. 

我們可以提取出這樣的句型：For all the talk of ...still...

比如可以說(shuō)：

For all the talk of equal rights for women, gender discrimination is still rife in the workplace.

又比如這個(gè)句子：

China’s advance is all the more potent in the context of a series of disappointments for democrats since 2000. The first great setback was in Russia. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 the democratisation of the old Soviet Union seemed inevitable. 

提取出來(lái)的句型是  ...is all the more potent in the context of ...

我們可以寫：

a) The appeal of online education is all the more potent in the context of soaring university tuition fees.

b) Regulating social media is all the more tricky in the context of widespread use of smartphones by which everyone is able to voice their opinions. 

還有這個(gè)例子：

So it came as a shock last month when a bill sprinted through the lower house of Congress, on the first day of a new session, that sets out to change the terms of their 30-year concessions after only 17 years.

我們可以提取出來(lái)的句型是 It came as a shock ...when ...

比如可以說(shuō)：

It came as a shock last week when an explosion shaked New York City and injured 29 people.

對(duì)于下面這個(gè)句子：

To say that the “age of the grand hotel ran from 1860 to 1960” is to make it seem that Paris’s Grand had no antecedents.

我們可以提取出 To say that...is to make it seem that...這個(gè)類比句型，模仿寫出：

To say that universities should merely provide students with employment skills is to make it seem that theoretical knowledge is of secondary importance. 

平時(shí)在閱讀中要有意識(shí)地積累這類經(jīng)典句式，并通過(guò)模仿造句地方式將它們內(nèi)化，這樣寫出來(lái)的句子才會(huì)更加規(guī)范地道。

對(duì)段落的模仿

通過(guò)對(duì)文章經(jīng)典段落的模仿，我們能夠?qū)W習(xí)并熟悉段落的基本構(gòu)架，段落展開(kāi)方式，以及段落內(nèi)部句子之間的承接等，在寫作時(shí)能夠更有效地組織自己的思想，寫出層次鮮明、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)亩温浜臀恼隆?br />
舉個(gè)例子，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人在一篇題為 The curious case of the fall in crime 的文章中，對(duì)當(dāng)今西方社會(huì)犯罪率下降的原因有這樣一個(gè)論述：

There is no single cause of the decline; rather, several have coincided. Western societies are growing older, and most crimes are committed by young men. Policing has improved greatly in recent decades, especially in big cities such as New York and London, with forces using computers to analyse the incidence of crime; in some parts of Manhattan this helped to reduce the robbery rate by over 95%. The epidemics of crack cocaine and heroin appear to have burnt out.

這個(gè)段落的邏輯非常清晰。開(kāi)頭第一句為主題句，后面三個(gè)句子進(jìn)行展開(kāi)：

1.Western societies are growing older, and most crimes are committed by young men.

2.Policing has improved greatly in recent decades.

3.The epidemics of crack cocaine and heroin appear to have burnt out.

我們可以對(duì)上面的段落框架進(jìn)行模仿：

There is no single cause of childhood obesity; rather, several have coincided. Many children have been surrounded by fast food outlets selling unhealthy foods such as hamburgers and hot dogs, which contain a lot of calories, sugar and salt. Moreover, their parents are too busy climbing up the career ladder to keep an eye on their eating habits. Lack of exercise also does its bit. Most children spend too much time sitting in their room watching TV or playing computer games, and too little doing outdoor activities. 

有哪些適合模仿的材料？

材料質(zhì)量的高低對(duì)于句子和段落模仿的效果會(huì)有很大的影響。用于模仿學(xué)習(xí)的材料要必須足夠經(jīng)典地道。這里推薦兩種：

新概念英語(yǔ)3和4

作為影響一代人，經(jīng)久不衰的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)教材，新概念英語(yǔ)3和新概念英語(yǔ)4中提供了非常多值得借鑒的經(jīng)典句型以及段落篇章。新概念英語(yǔ)教材中類似 Life on a desert island, New Year resolutions, Knowledge and progress, Education 等課文都是極佳的模仿材料，如果能對(duì)這些文章做到熟練背誦并模仿，相信你的遣詞造句水平會(huì)得到很大提升。

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人

為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人寫作的記者們來(lái)自歷史、哲學(xué)、法律等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，不少人文化積淀深厚，是遣詞造句以及邏輯論證的高手。他們寫出來(lái)的文章可圈可點(diǎn)之處非常多，是很好的學(xué)習(xí)模仿材料。有志于提升英語(yǔ)寫作水平的同學(xué)可以重點(diǎn)閱讀模仿經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中這幾個(gè)欄目的文章：Leaders, Business, Books and arts, Obituary

材料的選擇在于精而不在多，認(rèn)認(rèn)真真將幾十篇文章讀懂讀透，選取其中的優(yōu)秀句型段落進(jìn)行改寫模仿，效果比囫圇吞棗讀上幾百篇文章要好很多。

對(duì)經(jīng)典英語(yǔ)作品的模仿是走向高水平寫作的必經(jīng)之路。

我們可以從句子和篇章段落這兩個(gè)角度入手，將提取出來(lái)的句型和段落結(jié)構(gòu)與要寫的話題結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行模仿，以此來(lái)提升自己遣詞造句以及邏輯思維能力。

除此之外，平時(shí)也要養(yǎng)成整理積累好詞好句的習(xí)慣，建立自己的“語(yǔ)料庫(kù)”，寫作時(shí)才能做到厚積薄發(fā)。

以上就是【英語(yǔ)寫作】英語(yǔ)寫作提升的永遠(yuǎn)離不開(kāi)：閱讀與模仿的所有內(nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家有幫助！現(xiàn)在國(guó)內(nèi)越來(lái)越重視英語(yǔ)了，掌握一首好英語(yǔ)，不僅對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)和工作都有很大的幫助。

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